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Sophia Sinclair
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Study Unravels Fertilization Process
An international team of scientists has unlocked the long-held mystery of how the human egg captures a sperm during the fertilization process.
An international team of scientists has unlocked the long-held mystery of how the human egg captures a sperm during the fertilization process.
Researchers found that the ovum captures sperm cells by sugar molecules covering its surface, a discovery that can bring new visions and hope in the era of fertility treatment.
According to the report published in the journal, Science, a particular type of sugar, called (SLeX), which makes the outer coat of the egg "sticky" is responsible for the binding between egg and sperm.
Previous studies had proved the role of unknown sugar chains in the process of conception, but the new experiment identified SLeX molecules as the one responsible for binding sperm to egg.
Scientists used ultra-sensitive mass-spectrometric imaging technology that breaks down chemical compounds to small bits identifiable by their molecular weight.
The team then experimented with a range of synthesized sugars in the laboratory and finally discovered SLeX as the sugar molecules binding the egg and the sperm.
The new discovery was made by collaborators from the Department of Life Sciences at Imperial College London, the University of Missouri, the University of Hong Kong, the Academia Sinica in Taiwan, and the Imperial College of London.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infertility affects as many as 15 percent of "reproductive-aged" couples around the world.
As doctors are already unable to explain why some couples can't conceive, researchers hope the new finding can shed light on causes of human infertility and sub-fertility, and lead to development of new fertility medications and treatments.
"This exciting research is providing the first insights into the molecular events occurring at the very beginning of human life," said Anne Dell of Imperial College London.
"The details we've discovered here fill in a huge gap in our knowledge of fertility and we hope they will ultimately help many of those people who currently cannot conceive," she added.
Scientists are now planning to study the proteins on the head of the sperm that enable it to recognize an egg.
Article from VAUGHAN News, November 2013.