Greenhouse Gases
Cowspiracy Claims:
“Animal agriculture is responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, more than the combined exhaust from all transportation.”
“Livestock and their byproducts account for at least 32,000 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, or 51% of all worldwide greenhouse gas emissions."
Farming Truth:
Agriculture as a whole, including livestock and crop production, is responsible for only 13.5% of all world greenhouse gases. Also, a new technology is being used that filters the methane into a generator, and extracts the energy from it, yielding electricity. Whole farms are being self-run with energy left over to sell to households.
Sources:
Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions | Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions | US EPA
Everything You Need to Know About Agricultural Emissions | World Resources Institute
Farmer uses methane to make electricity | MPR News
Water Consumption
Cowspiracy Claims:
“Animal agriculture water consumption ranges from 34-76 trillion gallons annually.”
“Agriculture is responsible for 80-90% of US water consumption.”
“2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce 1 pound of beef.”
“477 gallons of water are required to produce 1lb. of eggs; almost 900 gallons of water are needed for 1lb. of cheese.”
“1,000 gallons of water are required to produce 1 gallon of milk.”
“5% of water consumed in the US is by private homes. 55% of water consumed in the US is for animal agriculture.”
“Animal Agriculture is responsible for 20%-33% of all fresh water consumption in the world today.”
Farming Truth:
Please define consumed. Do you mean how much water is preserved all the way to the final product? Because over 70% of beef is water, chicken is 66% water, 74% of eggs are water, and milk is 87% water. Do you mean how much water is excreted out by the animals? Because, the majority of the time, that output is recycled as natural fertilizer, which is an eco-friendlier alternative to harmful synthetic fertilizers. As I previously discussed, synthetic fertilizer application is responsible for 75% of all nitrous oxide emissions in the US, but it is also more easily washed into streams as a pollutant. This isn’t even taking into account the harms of artificial fertilizer production. Or do you mean the water that is irrigated to feedcrops? Because that water is directly transferred into energy that ends up in the animal’s tissues (which end up on our plate), or that water is evaporated, and continues to undergo the water cycle.
Sources:
https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/c...a-22dc74ef6e1c/Water_in_Meats.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
https://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/fruit-vegetable/using-manure-and-compost/
Land Usage
Cowspiracy Claims:
“Livestock or livestock feed occupies 1/3 of the earth’s ice-free land.”
“Livestock covers 45% of the earth’s total land.”
“2-5 acres of land are used per cow.”
“15x more protein on any given area of land with plants, rather than animals.”
“Land required to feed 1 person for 1 year: Vegan: 1/6th acre, Vegetarian: 3x as much as a vegan, Meat Eater: 18x as much as a vegan.”
“1.5 acres can produce 37,000 pounds of plant-based food. 1.5 acres can produce 375 pounds of meat.”
“Nearly half of the contiguous US is devoted to animal agriculture.”
The Farming Truth:
Only 40% of the world’s agricultural land is usable for crop production. That means that livestock species can graze pastureland that, for whatever reason (i.e. too rocky, not enough nutrients, dense with trees, wrong climatic conditions), can’t sustain crop harvests, and turn it into usable food or fiber. Additionally, these statistics are only talking about food, and conveniently leave out all the byproducts we get from animals. They also are very misleading because it does not include a time element, which someone who is not familiar with farming practices would not understand at first. What do I mean? There is only a limited season for crop production: typically 3 months of harvest per year, per crop. The other eight months, those crop fields lay dormant because you can only plant one type of seed. However, livestock is a year-round harvest. Dairy cattle are milked all year long (except for when females are let out to be bred, but they aren’t all bred at the same time to keep production going), swine can have three litters a year, and chickens lay eggs multiple times a week, sometimes even daily.
Sources:
https://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4252E/y4252e06.htm
https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/nra/rca/?cid=nrcs143_014209
https://www.westernwatersheds.org/watmess/watmess_2002/2002html_summer/article6.htm
Deforestation
Cowspiracy Claims:
“Animal agriculture is responsible for up to 91% of Amazon destruction.”
“The leading causes of rainforest destruction are livestock and feedcrops.”
“136 million rainforest acres cleared for animal agriculture.”
Farming Truth:
These statistics have no basis in truth, and it’s no surprise that the only scholarly source they included in their facts sheet is no longer working. The reality is that land that was previously home to tropical rainforests is not suitable for agriculture. The reason for this is that so much moisture is in the soil that it leeches out all of the nutrients. Although it’s true that, due to the dead organic matter that’s left behind from the trees and animals, the soil will be fertile for the first few years, deforested land cannot sustain more than four years of crop production. For large scale producers that would export grain to first world countries for livestock, this is completely impractical as it is a waste of time, money, and resources. I also feel compelled to point out that the rainforests play a huge role in climatic circulation, and destroying them will hurt farmers of the future. Believe me when I say that current producers take this very seriously, and are, for the most part, against deforestation as a whole.
Sources:
https://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/eco/trfweb/soils.html
https://www.wildmadagascar.org/overview/rainforests2.html
Antibiotics
Cowspiracy Claim:
“80% of antibiotic sold in the US are for livestock.”
Farming Truth:
There is a common misconception that there are antibiotics in food that comes from animals. The truth is that there is no antibiotics in any food you get from any agricultural product, whether it’s milk, chicken, pork, beef, or eggs. Another thing that a lot of people don’t realize is that, in 2013, the FDA made it illegal to use antibiotics or synthetic hormones with the intent of growth production. This is enforced by making the only way to obtain antibiotics be through a certified veterinarian. Now, the only time antibiotics are used is whenever an animal is sick or injured and needs the medicine to get better.
Sources:
https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm378100.htm
https://www.foodwhistleblower.org/w...n-insight-from-a-contract-chicken-farmer-367/
https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/antibiotic-free-meats-CS.pdf
World Hunger
Cowspiracy Claims:
“We are currently growing enough food to feed 10 billion people.”
“Worldwide, at least 50% of grain is fed to livestock.”
“82% of starving children live in countries where food is fed to animals, and the animals are eaten by western countries.”
Farming Truth:
It’s a common misconception that the food we are feeding to livestock is enough to feed the hungry. The reality is, however, that we already do produce enough food to feed the world’s population… and have some left over! In the US, for instance, farmers produce enough food to feed 140% of the American population, yet over 16% of that population faces hunger. Additionally, very little of what is fed to livestock is actually fit for human consumption. Most of it is seeds such as corn seed and cotton seed. There is some whole soybean and sugarcane (in the form of molasses), but products from animals that consumed these can be easily avoided by being educated about the nutrition of the livestock owned by farmers. If you account for the number of excess crops that would have to be produced if we went on a vegan diet (remember that we get a lot more than just food from livestock), than our current methods seem very sustainable in comparison.
Sources:
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/#publication
https://farmingtruth.weebly.com/a-complete-debunk-of-every-cowspiracy-statistic.html